The Third Level by Jack Finney Lesson Plans Example For Students

The Third Level by Jack Finney Lesson Plans Subject: Charley a thirty one year old having worked late around evening time enters Grand Central Station from Vanderbilt road, with the point of loading up a train home. As the station is enormous comprising of different hallways and two levels cooking for various trains, he loses his direction. He winds up in what he believes is the third degree of the station. He understands that something is distinctive there as the individuals are dressed diversely and the zone is lit not with the electric light of the cutting edge times yet with open gas fires. He abruptly makes the disclosure that he has by one way or another entered the year 1894. he sees the date on the news paper ‘The World’ that has not been distributed for a long time. The paper that he looks at bears the date June 11, 1894. he is loaded up with fervor and he chooses to purchase two tickets for Galesburg, the serene town that he has experienced childhood in. Charley finds that he doesn't have the proper cash of that period and is along these lines incapable to purchase the ticket. His significant other and his therapist companion, Sam just as his different companions are very frightened when they hear his record and restrict him to look for the third level once more. They treat the episode as an invention of his creative mind and credit it to his longing to escape from a mind-blowing worries. In any case, Charley’s companion, Sam vanishes and Charley finds a letter from him in an old First Day Cover dated July eighteenth 1894. In the letter, Sam discloses to Charley that he has settled in down in Galesburg and urges him not to surrender his quest for the Third level as it is certainly justified regardless of the exertion. Sam is presently occupied with a decent feed, feed and grain business, something that he has consistently wished he could do. The writer leaves the perusers thinking about what the Third Level truly is. In spite of the fact that Charley can discover verification of his experience, is it extremely conceivable to make this progress to and fro in time? Jack Finney an author of sci-fi treats his preferred subject, Time in another measurement. The shadowy, scary world that lies somewhere close to dreams, wants and the truth is the thing that he calls The Third Level. It is where the past, the present and the future meet and here nothing is, as it appears. Mark of the subject educator †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Exercise Plan THE THIRD LEVEL Page B Date of beginning :†¦2ND APRIL 2009†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Number of periods: . †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦08†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Real date of beginning: †¦2ND APRIL 2009†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Date of fruition: †¦18TH APRIL 2009†¦. Short questionsComprehensive inquiries Attempt the accompanying inquiries in 60-70 words every: 1. What disclosure did Charley make? How? Answer in around 120 words: 1. Do you believe that the third level was a mode of break for Charley? 2. What did Charley’s companions and specialists state about the third level? How did his significant other respond? What was Charley’s response to it? 2. What do you induce from Sam’s letter to Charley? 3. Arriving at the third level was only an occurrence. This was not the first occasion when that he had lost his direction. Legitimize. 3. â€Å"The present day world is brimming with instability, dread, war, stress and stress†. What are the manners by which we endeavor to beaten them? 4. How the third level at the Grand Central Station was unique in relation to other two? 4. Do you see a crossing point of existence in the story? 5. What affirmed to Charley that he was on the third level? For what reason did Charley wish to go to Galesburg? 5. Evident illogicality now and again ends up being a cutting edge projection. Talk about. 6. What was Charley’s response subsequent to returning from the third level? 6. Philately helps keep the past alive. Examine different manners by which this is finished. What's your opinion of the human tendancy to continually move between the past, the present and what's to come? 7. What persuades Charley and Louisa about the presence of the third level? 8. What was the psychiatrist’s examination of Charley’s portrayal of the third level at the Grand Central Station? Mark of the Principal †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ADDITIONAL IMPORTANT QUESTION WITH ANSWER HINTS: QA. What does Charley, the storyteller, state about the Third Level at Grand Central Station? How does his therapist companion react? Ans. Charley declares that there are three levels at Grand Central Station. His attestation depends on his own understanding. He has been on the third level. Among others, he conversed with a specialist companion about it. The specialist said that it was waking dream and wish satisfaction. He was miserable and simply needed to get away. QB. What inquisitive experience did Charley have one day when he went to Grand Central Station to take the tram? Ans. Charley strolled down a stairway to the subsequent level. He dodged into a n curved entryway heading for the tram and got lost. The passage turned left and slopped downwards, however he continued strolling. He heard just the vacant hints of his own strides. The passage turned sharp left. He went down a short stairwell and came out on the third level at Grand Central Station where he had looks at the old world existence of 1894. QC. What do find out about Galesburg, Illinois during 1894? Ans. Galesburg is portrayed as the awesome town with large old confined houses and gigantic yards. The parts of the mind blowing old trees met overhead and secured the lanes. In 1894, summer nighttimes were twice as long. Individuals set out on there gardens. The men would be smoking stogies and talking unobtrusively. The ladies would wave palm leaf fans. There were fireflies all around. It was a tranquil world that had not been desolated by the two World Wars of the twentieth century. Q. 1Do you see a crossing point of reality in the story The Third Level†? A free play among dream and reality in The Third Level causes the story to rise above all hindrances of existence. Accordingly Charley strays into 1894at the third level and afterward returns to the twentieth century. Sam transports himself to Galesburg, Illinois in 1894 but then his correspondence with Charley in the twentieth Century realizes a persuading convergence regarding existence. Q. 2How did the therapist disclose Charleys trip to the non-existent third level? The specialist clarified that Charley couldnt clearly have arrived at the third level as it didnt exist by any stretch of the imagination. He was of the view that dread, instability, war, stress and such, made his pressure ridden mind work out a break course for himself. The third level was his very own production creative mind and waking-dream wish satisfaction I. . Charleys experience of the third level was a defense he had always wanted and unfulfilled wishes of the inner mind. The flight never occurred as the entire scene was a fabrication of his creative mind. Q. 3Yes, Ive taken the conspicuous stem. For what reason does Charley term meeting he specialist as an undeniable step’? The second Charley discussed his going ov er the non-existent third level, everyone got frightened and felt that he expected to see a therapist. In light of the current situation, it was plain and clear that he should look for a specialists feeling to preclude any mental issue. Henceforth he terms it as an undeniable advance. Q. 4Why did the specialists examination make Louisa lose her temper and how did the therapist conciliate her? Louisa and Charley were driving an upbeat wedded life. Along these lines, the spouse couldnt endure the therapists perception about Charley being a despondent man. In any case, her indignation died down when he proceeded onward to state that he was alluding to present day keeps an eye on despondency by and large. Q. 5What was Charleys perspective as he returns from the workplace? For what reason did he choose to take the metro from the Grand Central Station? Having worked late at the workplace, Charley was exhausted and exhausted. He wished to come back to his caring spouse, Louisa and to the solace of his home, as quick as could be expected under the circumstances. The transport would have taken more time to cover the separation, so he chose to take the metro. Q. 6How did Charley arrive at the third level? In his rush to take a train back home, Charlie came to Grand Central from Vanderbilt Avenue and took two stairways to arrive at the second level from where his train was to leave. He got lost while dodging into an angled entryway, which prompted the tram and he ended up into a passage. The passage took him to another stairwell toward the finish of which he ended up on the third level at Grand Central Station. Q. 7What does the third level represent? Third Level represents keeps an eye on longing to dig further into the universe of creative mind as a break from the universe of brutal real factors. It represents his mission for the impressive normality of a time long since past that was liberated from the cutting edge razzle-stun, modernity and material solaces yet oozed harmony and serenity. Q. 8What does Grand Central Station represent? The Grand Central Station represents the maze that this world is with its mind boggling and tangled pathways. The system of sections is convoluted to such an extent that instead of arriving at the goal, one continues going all over each of the ones life to search for passages and ways out. Q. 9Now I dont know why this ought to have transpired. Charley asked why out of the entire strain ridden world, only he took a trip to the third level. For what reason do you think, it transpired? The degree of affectability and intensity of creative mind fluctuate from individual to individual. Trapped in the snare of dullness, dull everyday practice and quick life, Charley thinks that its hard to adapt to such an actual existence. So on the wings of creative mind; he takes a trip to the non-existent world. Q. 10What does Charley contrast Grand Central Station with? Why? Charley co

Plains, Games, and Automobiles free essay sample

Fields, games, and cars; the scandalous gathering of three that transformed me into a hooligan. It was a warm summer day, and I was a kid. However the wonderful climate misrepresented the exercises on King Edward’s Way, where unadulterated shrewdness was occurring. The horrible men were annihilating the field that I played in. My companion, Isaiah, and I viewed the devastation happen, letting the fierceness fill our prepubescent bodies. Consistently, we would approach the field past our road. Monster hills of soil extended miles into the sky. We cherished those mountains, and they adored us. We climbed them, running from ninjas one day, getting Pokemon the following. They offered to us an essential setting in framing great cherished recollections. Also, the men were tearing them down. In truth, it was entirely thick of me to not understand that the heaps of soil were, actually, dreadful slopes, and that they were simply physical proof of a progress from a field to houses. We will compose a custom exposition test on Fields, Games, and Automobiles or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In any case, to a youngster, everything is a game, and that’s how it ought to be. Being the vigilantes that we were, Isaiah and I concluded that the time had come to give out equity. We considered these to be as beasts, whose labor of love was to wreck our home. So we sent them a message. Isaiah approached my home on our D-Day. It was the ideal opportunity for this war to end. I shouted to my mom, disclosing to her that we were going to play Pokemon at the highest point of the slope. She got it. The ideal bad habit. Didn’t suspect a thing. We walked up to the battleground and investigated the fields. A serious breeze kicked up some soil, yet else, it was all peaceful. Vehicles zoomed by on the opposite street. These observers would be our most concerning issue. In the stealthiest design conceivable, we slithered down the slope. We went to a concrete chamber and pigeon inside. There was no turning around. We had no clue what to do now. Our honesty was occurring to us; could two children truly cut down a whole horde? In any case, the guiltlessness was likewise our best resource; no one anticipates the youngsters. Towards the finish of the field, an enormous truck was left with nobody inside. That would do. We ran our hands over the filthy outside of the tank. It was secured with the blood of our country, sloppy spots going about as fight scars. Our fury expanded, however we tried to avoid panicking. On the off chance that we blew it now, that could prompt genuine difficulty. Our folks may even discover. After snapshots of looking, I found a chink in the shield. Two orange circles on the rear of the truck secured the lights that lit up for the brakes. Without those, we understood that the truck would in all likelihood be pulled over, which would be a triumph all things considered. Isaiah watched the traffic, searching for a break. I paused, rock close by, prepared to convey that deadly blow. He gave the sign. Out of nowhere, I froze. Was this actually my destiny? To stand out forever like Al Capone, giving up my life of potential to one of gangsterism and thuggishness? Yet, tsk-tsk, so as to guard my country, penances must be made. I willed myself to relinquish that infantile notoriety and pummeled the stone into the brake light spread. The stone struck the plastic and broke it right away. It tumbled to the ground, coming down odds and ends of triumph. I was prepared to stop there, yet my psyche was not my own. I struck once more, crushing the light. The brake light was out, however I needed more. I did likewise for the other light, crushing and crushing until Isaiah pulled me away from my casualty. I resembled a fighter, punching my adversary, getting my gloves on him in any capacity conceivable until I was persuasively expelled. At that point I saw the peril. A vehicle maneuvered into our field. I dropped the stone, however there was soil on my hands. It drove up close to us. A man moved down the window and asked what our identity was. I did the talking; I was the pioneer of this group. I disclosed to him who we were, puffing out my chest, both for size and with an end goal to conceal the monstrous pounding of my apprehensive heart. He inquired as to why we were here. Being the unbelievable improviser that I am, I revealed to him that we were gathering rocks. His suspicious face indicated how little he trusted me. Be that as it may, without genuinely implicating proof, he let us go, sending us out the door. We ran back to my home, hearts going quicker than our little legs could take us. We had done it. The modern goliath was done. Equity had won for the last time. Obviously, by and large, our endeavors were worthless. They assembled a lot of houses and lofts, and we lost our field. We never were gotten by our folks or any other individual, yet the blame of my wrongdoing has stayed with me right up 'til the present time. To put it to be perfectly honest, I was dumb. Yet, I figured out how to divert my life around from my vocation of wrongdoing, and now, here I am. Without the account of the Harrisonburg fields, the games we played there, and the car that transformed me into a crook, I would not be the individual that I am today.

The Health Risks of Marijuana and Breastfeeding

The Health Risks of Marijuana and Breastfeeding Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Print The Health Risks of Marijuana and Breastfeeding By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 22, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 15, 2020 Tatyana Tomsickova Photography/Moment/Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Cocaine Heroin Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Marijuana, also known as cannabis or weed, is the most commonly used illegal drug?? and many women use medical marijuana for recreational use in states where it is legal as well. Although generally considered a harmless or soft drug, there are risks associated with marijuana use. Parents need to be cautious about exposing their baby to marijuana smoke or to breastmilk if the mother has been consuming marijuana. Research has been studying the effects of marijuana and breastfeeding and the findings are very interesting. The Breast Is Best Philosophy The Breast is Best message is one that new moms often receive and with good reason. A 2012 policy statement by the American Academy of Pediatrics reviewed the evidence on breastfeeding. The AAP concluded that given the short-term and long-term medical and neurodevelopmental advantages, breastfeeding should be promoted as the norm to new parents.?? For example, there is a 36% lower risk of SIDS when babies are breastfed.?? The stereotype of the new mom and the stereotype of the chronic marijuana user dont align very well. Everyone wants to be seen as a good parent. Physicians dont want to upset a pregnant woman or one who has recently given birth. They often dont even bring up the subject of drug use if a woman doesnt look like the type who would use drugs. Given this fact, many physicians do not routinely ask pregnant women or mothers whether they use marijuana. Far less advise them not to breastfeed because of it. The discomfort around the implications of whether a drug-using woman should even be caring for her own child would make many new parents either avoid the question  or give the expected answer â€" that they do not use marijuana. Tip: The stigma around marijuana use and the universal promotion of breastfeeding may get in the way of getting accurate advice on breastfeeding from your doctor. Breastfeeding and Marijuana Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug among pregnant and breastfeeding women.?? Probably because of stigma, we dont hear the same public health messages about marijuana use as we do with substances such as alcohol and nicotine. Yet, the same policy statement advocating for breastfeeding actually cites marijuana use as a contraindication for breastfeeding,?? meaning that women who use marijuana should not breastfeed. A number of studies support this view. If you smoke marijuana, you should not breastfeed. What Marijuana Will Do to Your Baby If You Use It While Breastfeeding More research is needed to accurately predict the effects of a mothers marijuana use on children who are breastfed, but there are some risks we know about from research: Effects on the Brain and Nervous System: As a psychoactive drug, marijuana has a direct effect on the brain and nervous system. Babies who are breastfeeding are still rapidly developing, so using marijuana while you are breastfeeding increases the risk of impaired brain and nervous system development.??Mental Functioning:  Executive functioning  can be damaged by early exposure to cannabis. This includes flexibility in thinking, being able to pay attention for long periods of time, and being able to hold information in working memory.  Emotional Regulation: Early exposure to THC, the active ingredient in marijuana, has been found to cause long-lasting changes in the emotional reactivity of children.Risk of Drug Use Later: There is some evidence from animal studies that early exposure to cannabis increases the reinforcing effects of other drugs, such as opiates. Although more research is needed to confirm this, it is well-known that substance use runs in families. If you are using can nabis, exposing your baby to the drug through breastmilk may increase the risk that your baby will go on to use drugs â€" possibly even harder drugs than marijuana. Early exposure to marijuana is associated with a range of short-term and long-term mental, emotional, and behavioral problems. The Bottom Line The best thing you can do to protect your baby from the potentially harmful effects of marijuana is to quit and make sure no one smokes marijuana, or any substance, around your child. If you cant quit, dont breastfeed â€" marijuana sticks around in the body much longer than most other drugs. You can express and discard your milk if you plan to breastfeed once you are clean. Dangers of Drug Use When Breastfeeding

An Effective Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy - 1139 Words

advanced infrastructures that would be available in hospital set ups. As a result, a lot of information from these outpatient settings tends to go unreported therefore affecting the accuracy of any research that would be based on this information. For this reason I would not recommend this as an effective skin cancer prevention strategy. While the strategies mentioned in this section can still be used to prevent skin cancer, they have some defects that prevent them from being the main prevention strategies. Some of them are as a result of them having a short term benefit but long term disadvantage such as the Resurfacing Procedures while other like funding more research do not guarantee effectiveness to prevent skin cancer. Key†¦show more content†¦Through this strategy, children acquire important knowledge and vital skill on the dangers of exposing their skin to ultraviolet radiations from the sun and some of the ways they avoid these radiations. The idea informing this strategy is so as to provide awareness as well as education about skin cancer from very young age so that children can acquire the right habits right from an early age. This strategy is a high priority because according to medical studies protection from the sun’s ultraviolet radiation is usually very important in childhood because sunburns that have been developed early during the life time of a person can often lead to the emergence of skin cancer their adulthood. It is estimated that approximately 80% of the sun damage on the skin a person during their lifetime usually happens during their childhood. An example of where this skin cancer preventive strategy was applied was in The SunWise School National Program took place between1999 to 2000 and it targeted a school setting of primary and secondary school levels and the target population was K-8 graduate students (Geller AC, Cantor M, Miller DR, et al(2002). The interventions used in this program

Directions in French

Marketing Strategy in ecommerce industry Free Essays

Introduction Technological development has led to formulation of quite a number of strategies aimed at elevating marketing in line with the current electronic age. Amazon and eBay provide us with a perfect example to the extent to which e-commerce can help in the continued growth of business. In the traditional marketing strategy, the model used is the Four P’s model. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Strategy in ecommerce industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now That is, there has to be product, place, price and promotion. The commodity offered on the market to attract attention or intended to be offered for acquisition is the product. When you have your product you must also have the platform which will act as the venue of meeting between the targeted client and the product in question. The value attached to the product and which is the target channel to the generation of revenue is the price. The price attached or tagged on the product need not necessarily be the price at which it is sold. This is because the process of selling is subject to many constraints, bargaining being one of them. Customers or targeted customers need information about the product, its characteristics and distinguishing features in order to make their purchases. Promoting the product therefore helps in ensuring that this role is played. It ensures awareness of the product by the potential customers. It is done in several ways. Advertising is one of the ways through which this promotional activity is carried out. The model applied in e-commerce strategy is more complex than what we have discussed above. However,   Ã‚  it is good to also note that it is very essential; that both traditional model and this advanced model be fused together in order to create a smooth transition without leaving a hanging gap. According to Allen and Fjermestad, integrating the new strategic frameworks with the traditional marketing model a more thorough framework can be developed. Due to great expansion that has been seen in the area of internet use, which means that the number of internet users has immensely increased, there is need to come up with a model that can serve the needs of all these customers so that businesses do not lose the goodwill of the very customers whose satisfaction the existence of the business depends on. If the satisfaction of the customers is not assured then the business can be sure to lose their confidence yet it is fundamental that the business reassures every customer of satisfaction. In fact, information apart from providing awareness, it is a product on its own.   It is therefore important to examine the problems that the e-commerce faces by critically looking at the marketing mix. In addition the four P’s do not lose meaning but rather the gain meaning. Data required As we have indicated above, data is a product on itself in addition to being a means of creating awareness to the benefit of a given product offered by a company. The product can either be a service or a good. Companies in need of obtaining data through quick online connection need to license eBay Market Data. After licensing eBay Market Data, they can access AERS (Advanced Economic Research Systems) data services online. Companies can get online quickly with time tested search technologies that produce correct analysis using the most efficient techniques possible. Before we look into the kind of data a company would need it is good to understand the setting in which the data will be situated. Allen and Fjerstand go ahead to state that the development in technology has allowed the information about the product or service to be separated from the product or service itself (Allen and Fjerstand). This, they say, has three elements: content, context and infrastructure. Content is what is being sold and could be information, service or a physical product. Context is how the product is presented for exchange. This method of presentation is vital to winning the consumer loyalty. Once the consumer loyalty is won, there is assurance of large and similar transactions taking place. Infrastructure on the other hand is the way in which the buyer and the seller are brought together in order for the transaction to be executed. There is need to understand that mentioning marketing we must have two kinds of information. We must have consumer information and product information. Therefore the data required falls under the two categories of information. The consumer has to be equipped with the full information about the product before making good the urge to purchase. In addition, the fact that the whole process internet selling is quite intangible increases the risk involved. The seller also needs to have information about the buyers. It is important that the seller understands the location of the customer, preferences and tastes. The customer will also need to know about shipping, physical features of the product on offer. Location of the data Advanced Economic Research Systems provide a wide range of data systems which in turn provide location for access of data. The following are some of the data systems that can act as location for data. eBay Category Structure Lookups eBay Smart Search Technology eBay Demographics Data Systems eBay Market Research (Customized Reporting) eBay Shipping Data Systems The method used to inquire about the information is just a click on the mouse and the navigator takes you to the required center. Analysis of the data It is vital that correct information is gathered concerning the customer or the product. If this is not done, there is possibility of collecting the wrong information thereby either buying the wrong product or providing buyers with the wrong product. Coming up with a comprehensive marketing is a challenge which has several advantages that give a strong of go on. It allows reduced warehousing by the companies thereby reducing storage costs and holding costs and reduced inventory costs due to automation. Internet selling is just to all companies big and small since any company is able to operate internet. There is possibility for companies to reach customers who are far away and who the company would otherwise not have the ability to sell to in their localities. Internet has enabled a one to one marketing in addition to creating room for 24-hour operation. Lastly, it provides a unique form of market research for information about the market. The internet has also its own demerits. The rapid growth in internet use has made it difficult for the companies to cope with high demand and manage distribution. Secondly, it is possible for transactions to take to long before being executed. This is because it is easier for buyers to forget after making an order due to dalliance. Lastly, apart from the fact that it could hard to find some sites, there is a barrier created between the buyer and the company since the products can’t be seen in person. Achievement of any framework developed should be measured in terms of customer satisfaction such that its failure would be seen through its failure to satisfy the targeted customers.  In conclusion, we ca say that there has been an enormous increase in the demand for information which can be justified by the increase in internet connectivity. This means that there is need to be developed a strategy that will ensure effective management and sustained distribution to customers. Reference: Checking out. (2000, March- April). Harvard Business Review, p. 22 Mardesian, J. (1999, November 8). ‘The Web is no Shopper’s Paradise’. Fortune. Pp 189, 190 How to cite Marketing Strategy in ecommerce industry, Essay examples

Queensland Parliamentary Library

Question: Discuss about the Queensland Parliamentary Library. Answer: Introduction: Independent contractor is appointed to provide goods and services, and no one give him instructions regarding his services while on the other hand employee receive instructions from his employer about his work. Independent contractor use his own methods and procedure for providing goods and services, but in case of employee methods and procedures are stated by the organization for which he work. Independent contractor does not receive any training from any institution but employee is trained by any particular institution for specific work (Goldsberry, n.d.). In Hollis v Vabu Pty Ltd (2001) 207 CLR 21, High Court held that on the basis of following grounds it was able to conclude that Bicycle courier is an employee: There is no skilled labor provided tobicycle couriers, and they are not able to make any independent career, or to generate any goodwill. Bicycle couriers work is controlled by the Vabu, and they have very control on their procedure of work (Athanasiou, 2011). The main difference between the permanent worker and casual worker is whether worker has been working for the period of more than 12 months or whether worker is working for irregular working hours and less than 12 months. Second difference is contract between casual worker and employer is non-permanent contract (Legal Vision, 2014). Distinction between casual worker and permanent worker is important because it decide the pay scale, working hours, and leave policy, other policies of the organization and employment status of the employee (Fair Work Ombudsman, n.d.). Permanent employee has following rights in an organization: Permanent employee has right to get same pay as other permanent staff. Right to get same or equal benefit packages. Information related to permanent vacancies in an organization. Protection against dismissal. Third party employees are those people who are appointed by organization, agencies, and individual for part time or full time employment but for other person or organization (USF, n.d.). Following are the duties of employees towards employers: Do not breach any term of employment stated in employment contract. Serve faithfully to the employer (Business Dictionary, n.d.). Usually, employees undertake industrial action when dispute between employer and employee is not resolved with negotiation. There are three type of industrial action strike, lock out, and action sort of strike (Nidirect, n.d.). Union plays an important role in workplace by resolving the disputes at workplace, and they area also the voice of employees and they act as bargaining representatives in bargaining negotiations (Fair Work Ombudsman, n.d.) Duties of employer: Provide safe and healthy working environment in an organization. Pay fair salaries to the employees. Does not discriminate between employees. Provide basic facilities at workplace (OHS, n.d.). Mary works in restaurant, but she does not work permanently in restaurant. She works once or twice in a week when someone calls her. She does not join permanently because her children are not well. The lady who owns the restaurant call Mary when business is busy. Casual employees are those employees who does not work for guaranteed hours, work sometime for irregular hours, does not get any type of paid leave or sick leave, and they can end the employment without providing any notice. There is no universal definition for casual employees (Fair Work Ombudsman, n.d.). Casual employees work for irregular hours, and there is no guarantee that they are always available for employer. They are not entitled for benefits which are available to permanent employees, but some benefits are also available to them also. Paid holidays or sick leaves are not available for casual workers but they are entitled for the parental leave. Casual workers get higher pay from permanent workers, and they also get protection for being sacked unfairly under Fair work laws. Casual workers are entitled to: Get higher pay for per hour as compared to full time or part time workers, and this is called casual loading because casual workers are not entitled for the benefit of sick or annual leave. Unpaid community service leaves. They get carers leave which is unpaid for 2 days and 2 days compassionate leave per occasion. Section 106 of Fair Work Act 2009 states that casual employee is not entitled to get base pay rate on compassionate leave. Section further stated that for casual employee compassionate leave is unpaid leave. Casual Employment and the Industrial Relations Act Amendment Bill 2001of Queensland states the following changes: Protection provided to casual employees from dismissal on the basis of discriminatory grounds or fulfilling family responsibility. Now casual employees have access to unpaid parental leave or carers leave after one year of their services (Queensland Parliament, n.d.). Casual employee is completely different from full time or part time employee on the following basis: Under Fair Work Act part time employer and full time employer gets protection from unfair dismissal, and they are to able challenge such dismissal but casual workers are not able to challenge unfair dismissal. Usually, casual workers have no right to challenge the decision of dismissal even if they believe that dismissal is harsh, rude and unfair. Casual workers has right to challenge the unfair dismissal if they are covered under employment agreement or any modern award. Casual employees who has been employed by the organization on regular and continuous basis has right to bring claim against the unfair dismissal. It must be noted that if casual employee wants to claim against unfair dismissal then casual employee must be employed for the period of 6 months and that organization must have more than 15 employees or in case of small business at least for the period of 12 months. We can understand this with the help of case law that is Williams v MacMahon Mining Services Pty Ltd [2010] FCA 1321. In this case, court held that any type of work choice did not contain definition of casual but this word is attracted by the common law or irregular engagement of employee at workplace. This case law focus on the meaning of regular and systematic employment requirements under the fair work act, and it also sates the further factors to determine regular and systematic work. Court also stated that if working hours of an employee are small and the working days are irregular then court required further proof to decide whether person is casual employee or regular employee. Therefore, if employee has proof of more working hours and regular employment in the organization then he can be considered as regular employee, and if employee has proof that his casual work hours are more than full time work hours because of work load then he can used it as proof that there is regular and systematic work. So we can conclude that casual employees have right to challenge the unfair dismissal of employee (Find law, n.d.). In the present case, Mary works for small working hours and her working days are not regular which shows that there is no regular and systematic working. Therefore, Mary is an casual employee of the restaurant. Whether Notting Hill Business Pty Ltd is liable for the overpayment made by Tom, and also explains the position of Notting Hill Business Pty Ltd in this case? Many companies hire people through third party and it becomes trend now. Companies hire from third parties and saving their time and money that spend in recruiting process. Companies which act as a third party charge extra amount from the employer for the continues flow of workers. Third party hiring is a good and successful concept and there is no harm in it because employees get project in different company when first company project is over. Third parties employers are those agencies, organizations or individuals which recruit candidates for temporary or permanent employment opportunities but not for their own need. Third party employer includes those agencies which recruit people either for profit or for not for profit, and it also includes those agencies also which provide information of people to employers for the purpose of recruitment (APESMA, n.d.). In number of cases agencies, organizations providing staffing services, outsourcing contractors and other leasing firms will be treated as employers. However, these organizations recruit people for the other organizations then third-party professional conduct principles shall apply on these organizations. Vicarious liability: such organizations which provide such facility are the ultimate employer of the employee. Therefore, organizations are liable for the acts of their employees. Notting Hill Business Pty Ltd recruit experienced people for working in their office and also work in any other office at shorter notice. Employees who work in Notting Hill Business Pty Ltd can do anything in the office such as general and pay roll duties, working on reception and administration work. For providing these services Notting Hill Business Pty Ltd charges as per hour rate from the organizations that avail these services. When they go in other organization then they have to follow the instructions of those organizations in which they are recruiting. Every worker who goes out to other businesses has to dress professionally, be respectful and act properly. Any problems or issues have to be reported back to Notting Hill Business Pty Ltd. Tom who is working with Notting Hill Business Pty Ltd goes in another business organization. Tom is an expert in calculating an employees pay. He goes for a period of two days and he is told that he has to work under the direction of the company Accountant. Later Tom over pay to some employees and employees withdraw their money after it has been paid into the bank. One of the employees who have been overpaid disappears. In the present case, Notting Hill Business Pty Ltd is the actual employer off the Tom and they are liable for the act of Ton because any organizations which provide such facility are the ultimate employer of the employee. Therefore, organizations are liable for the acts of their employees. It was also held that agencies, organizations providing staffing services, outsourcing contractors and other leasing firms will be treated as employers. However, these organizations recruit people for the other organizations then third-party professional conduct principles shall apply on these organizations. Notting Hill Business Pty Ltd is vicarious liability for the act of Tom because they are ultimate employer of the Tom but In this Tom has to follow the instructions of the company in which he get appointment which means that Notting Hill Business Pty Ltd is not liable for the acts of Tom. Notting Hill Business Pty Ltd is the ultimate employer of the Tom but he is not liable for the act of Tom. References: Goldsberry, C. R. Differences between Employees and Independent Contractor. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from: https://www.mdc.edu/hr/Operations/AFS/DifferencesBWIndepContAndEmployees.pdf. Athanasiou, A. (2011). Contractor or Employee? - The High Court Decision in Hollis v Vabu. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from:https://www.tved.net.au/index.cfm?SimpleDisplay=PaperDisplay.cfmPaperDisplay=https://www.tved.net.au/PublicPapers/October_2001,_Accountants_Education_Channel___Tax,_Contractor_or_Employee____The_High_Court_Decision_in_Hollis_v_Vabu.html. Apesma. Contracting through an agency. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from: https://www.professionalsaustralia.org.au/contractors-consultants/wp-content/uploads/sites/42/2015/01/Guide-to-Contracting-through-an-Agency-v2.pdf. Legal vision, (2014). What is a casual employee. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from:https://legalvision.com.au/casual-employee/. Fair Work Ombudsman. Casual, part-time full-time. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from:https://www.fairwork.gov.au/employee-entitlements/types-of-employees/casual-part-time-and-full-time. Business Dictionary. duties of employees. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from: https://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/duties-of-employees.html. OHS. Duties of Employers. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from: https://www.ohsrep.org.au/law-rights/ohs-legislation/the-ohs-act/duties-of-employers. Nidirect. industrial action. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from: https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/industrial-action. Fair Work Ombudsman. The role of unions. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/employee-entitlements/industrial-action-and-union-membership/the-role-of-unions. USF. Third Party Employers Policy. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from: https://www.usf.edu/career-services/employers/third-party-employers-policy.aspx. Fair Work Act 2009 - Sec 106 Queensland Parliament. Queensland Parliamentary Library. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from: https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/documents/explore/ResearchPublications/ResearchBriefs/2001/2001032.pdf. Fair Work Ombudsman. Casual employees. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/employee-entitlements/types-of-employees/casual-part-time-and-full-time/casual-employees. Williams v MacMahon Mining Services Pty Ltd [2010] FCA 1321. Find Law. Casual Employees and Unfair Dismissal Laws. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from: https://www.findlaw.com.au/articles/4317/casual-employees-and-unfair-dismissal-laws.aspx.

Sports Role in Your Life free essay sample

What role do sports play in your life? An athletic activity requiring skill or physical prowess and often of a competitive nature To the typical person this Is what a sport Is; however I have a different Interpretation of the word. Throughout the years of my life sports have transformed from an extra curricular activity to a way of life. What sport you play defines who you are as a person and enhances your credibility in a social setting. Also it demonstrates certain traits that you have acquired through the experience.Intellectual, endurance, determination, competition, dedication, cohesion, pride and hope Are inspirational words I would use to define what a sport means. Each definition has a direct relation to my experiences playing the sport of field hockey and soccer. Being enrolled as a young child has given me the opportunity to be exposed to a productive way to have a healthy lifestyle. We will write a custom essay sample on Sports Role in Your Life or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Today the world Is a competitive place -sports taught me to strive and compete for what I want out of life.By being Introduced to competition at a young age, I am able to pursue my dreams and prepare me for pot secondary education. This makes me a stronger person by giving me the skills to prosper in todays society. Being healthy is a big part of my life. In my youth sports was essential contributor to mum lifestyle of exercise and eating right. As well as introducing me to alternative ways to stay fit. Sports have not only influenced me physical but spiritually also.If you re satisfied with yourself on the outside it influences you to have a positive outlook of yourself on the inside. This can lead to finding true happiness. Stress Is a mall contributor to casualties In North America. The highest proscribed medicine In Canada Is Anta Depressants such as Approach. These types of drugs are highly proscribed to teens. For me I use sports as my anta depressant. Being able to control each executed move on the field and by being given a challenge calms my soul.

Environmental Determinism Definition

Environmental Determinism Definition Throughout the study of geography, there have been some different approaches to explaining the development of the worlds societies and cultures. One that received much prominence in geographic history but has declined in recent decades of academic study is environmental determinism. Environmental Determinism Environmental determinism is the belief that the environment, most notably its physical factors such as landforms and climate, determines the patterns of human culture and societal development. Environmental determinists believe that ecological, climatic, and geographical factors alone are responsible for human cultures and individual decisions. Also, social conditions have virtually no impact on cultural development. The main argument of environmental determinism states that an areas physical characteristics like climate have a substantial impact on the psychological outlook of its inhabitants. These different outlooks then spread throughout a population and help define the overall behavior and culture of a society. For instance, it was said that areas in the tropics were less developed than higher latitudes because the continuously warm weather there made it easier to survive and thus, people living there did not work as hard to ensure their survival. Another example of environmental determinism would be the theory that island nations have unique cultural traits solely because of their isolation from continental societies. Environmental Determinism and Early Geography Although environmental determinism is a relatively recent approach to formal geographic study, its origins go back to ancient times. Climatic factors, for example, were used by Strabo, Plato, and Aristotle to explain why the Greeks were so much more developed in the early ages than societies in hotter and colder climates. Additionally, Aristotle came up with his climate classification system to explain why people were limited to settlement in certain areas of the globe.​​ Other early scholars also used environmental determinism to explain not only the culture of a society but the reasons behind the physical characteristics of a societys people. Al-Jahiz, a writer from East Africa, for instance, cited environmental factors as the origin of different skin colors. He believed that the darker skin of many Africans and various birds, mammals, and insects was a direct result of the prevalence of black basalt rocks on the Arabian Peninsula. Ibn Khaldun, an Arab sociologist, and scholar was officially known as one of the first environmental determinists. He lived from 1332 to 1406, during which time he wrote a complete world history and explained that the hot climate of Sub-Saharan Africa caused dark human skin.​ Environmental Determinism and Modern Geography Environmental determinism rose to its most prominent stage in modern geography beginning in the late 19th Century when it was revived by the German geographer Friedrich Rtzel and became the central theory in the discipline. Rtzels theory came about following Charles Darwins Origin of Species in 1859 and was heavily influenced by evolutionary biology and the impact a person’s environment has on their cultural evolution. Environmental determinism then became popular in the United States in the early 20th Century when Rtzel’s student, Ellen Churchill Semple, a professor at Clark University in Worchester, Massachusetts, introduced the theory there. Like Rtzel’s initial ideas, Semple’s were also influenced by evolutionary biology. Another one of Rtzel’s students, Ellsworth Huntington, also worked on expanding the theory around the same time as Semple. Huntingtons work though, led to a subset of environmental determinism, called climatic determinism in the early 1900s. His theory stated that the economic development in a country could be predicted based on its distance from the equator. He said temperate climates with short growing seasons stimulate achievement, economic growth, and efficiency. The ease of growing things in the tropics, on the other hand, hindered their advancement. The Decline of Environmental Determinism Despite its success in the early 1900s, environmental determinism’s popularity began to decline in the 1920s as its claims were often found to be wrong. Also, critics claimed it was racist and perpetuated imperialism. Carl Sauer, for instance, began his critiques in 1924 and said that environmental determinism led to premature generalizations about an area’s culture and did not allow for results based on direct observation or other research. As a result of his and others criticisms, geographers developed the theory of environmental possibilism to explain cultural development. Environmental possibilism was set forth by the French geographer Paul Vidal de la Blanche and stated that the environment sets limitations for cultural development, but it does not wholly define culture. Culture is instead defined by the opportunities and decisions that humans make in response to dealing with such limitations. By the 1950s, environmental determinism was almost entirely replaced in geography by environmental possibilism, effectively ending its prominence as the central theory in the discipline. Regardless of its decline, however, environmental determinism was an important component of geographic history as it initially represented an attempt by early geographers to explain the patterns they saw developing across the globe.

Japan and China after Second World War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Japan and China after Second World War - Essay Example Decades after the war, Japan remains struggling with their recovery. United States, with its self-vested interest, had helped it established its Self-Defense Force. With its continuous effort to revive, Japan's economy flourished resulting to a quick rise of the living standards, changes in society and the stabilization of the ruling position of the Liberal Democratic Party, but also in severe pollution. It's relation with the Soviet Union as well as China had normalized. But then, its economy was again shocked with the oil crisis on 1973 that had led it to developed long-term strategies for entering existing markets by shifting into high technology industry (Smith). China, when it was just about the route of progression, had endured devastation having blood shed and disgrace as their biggest injury under Japanese invaders. With the United States supporting them towards the war, providing their battle necessities from training to material support, they managed to defeat their aggressor. Despite the win, still the war had caused the country's exhaustion. As it tries to recover, further havoc had successively followed.

Court Procedures 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Court Procedures 1 - Essay Example Unjustified questioning and searches were common and caused tension in the pre-revolutionary America. Not every arrest, annexation or search should be made pursuant to a legitimately effected warrant. The Supreme Court specifies that police might conduct searches or arrests without necessarily producing a warrant so long as the circumstances justifies and/or necessitates such seizures or arrests (exigent circumstance). Consequently, felonies and searches incident to legalized arrest are excluded from the 4th amendment. In a legal proceeding, equity between the victim and the offender and the rule of law must be upheld. The present form of jurisprudence exists to inform about imperative aspects in criminal justice including their rights, responsibilities and trial forms such as trial by compurgation and trial by battle. Commonly, police officers must produce a warrant of arrest when arresting a suspect and prosecution action follows unless the charge(s) against the individual are dismissed. The Miranda requires that the police inform a person in custody of their right to remain silent during a criminal proceeding and inform them that anything said might be used as evidence against them in a court. The chapter presents the case of North v. Russell where the supreme court upheld a layperson’s decision to sentence North to 30 days imprisonment for drunk driving. It considered that the layperson was justified to preside over the case due to inaccessibility of higher courts. Chapter 2 explores the rights, responsibilities and rules governing the use of engine-powered machines and roads. It specifies the occasions under which the police are authorized to conduct an arrest or seizure of a vehicle and its occupants. A pat down is legitimate at a police station if an officer suspects that the suspect is armed, the automobile is an instrumentality of the time, the recent occupant of the vehicle is

Human Resource

Human Resource Human Resource (H.R): Introduction The word â€Å"manage† as used in business can simply be defined as the art of dealing with people with the aim of bringing the best out of then so as to improve the productivity of the business. It is not easy to manage some of the things we have that have no life let alone people. People are complex in themselves and to have different people from different backgrounds to work together can prove to be very difficult. It is however possible for people to come together for a common goal. It does not matter how they are going to achieve their goal but the common thing that they want to achieve plays a very important role in taming people to put their differences aside and work together. Rothwell (2008, p.23) argues that it is mandatory for a leader in a business to be very good at people-skills for it is the people working at the business that are the most important people in the business. Without employees in a business then the business does not achieve its goals. They are the people that make things move. There is therefore no escaping people-skills if a business venture is to highly perform. â€Å"Management is nothing more than motivating other people†. These are the words of Lee Iacocca – former CEO Chrysler. It is therefore important for a manager to have some basic tips on how to manage people. It is vital that a manager delegates most of the objectives set to achieve so that he or she gets time to manage the team he or she has been given to manage. It also helps the manager to clear his or her mind. It is very important that the person who delegates has a clear head on his or her shoulders. Pearce and Conger (2002, p.41) identify that one of the most important â€Å"X factor† is team work. A strong team delivers most of the things put before it. This paper will focus on teamwork and critically analyse it on how it can be used to improve performance. When people come together, more ideas are bound to be generated, there is strength in numbers and also there is the variety being applied in order to achieve a common objective. Whenever humans come together with a common objective there is very little that they cannot do. It is important that the tem leader gets to have a one on one understanding with each of the team members so as to know the individual strengths of the team members. It is in this way that the responsibilities are divided. One does what they are good at but with the conscious awareness that he or she is only but a piece of a jigsaw, that there are others that are also specialising in their area of expertise to complete the jig saw into one complete thing that makes economic and objective sense (Michaels, 1994, p.45). The only reason a company would invest in its people is so as to enhance performance of the business. They are the key players in an organisation and should be handled with care. There are various ways in which organisations or businesses entice and build their employees so as to achieve higher quality and quantity performance. A business is judged by its outcome. It is the various people employed to work for the venture equipped with the spirit of teamwork that determine the performance of the business. It is quite clear that team work is then a very important factor as it is the ship in which if the business sails, it will never drown or subdue to the waves of furious business challenges. The winning team It is always feels good to be associated with winning. It makes one feel like they are pursuing a worthy cause. If a team is to be put together in a business then it better be a winning team. It is not enough to hire professionals who know what they are supposed to do at exactly which time to have a winning team but recruiting a group of people who will work together in the most efficient of ways. A team that has people who share the same destination work extremely well with each other. It is only when people in a team do not share a vision that they do not work well. A team is defined by the togetherness in achieving the specific goals and objectives of a business. When people share a vision then what do they have to fight over and not work together? Nothing. Differences may exist between individuals but for as long as they have a common goal then they can do anything despite their differences. In order for a team to have a common goal, then it is good practice for members to meet in order to discuss the various projects that have to be undertaken. The secret behind managing people is in a business is to make the employees or the team members feel like they coined and own the business objectives, vision and mission. Koestenbaum (2002, p.74) reveals that this will help people to have a common sense of direction. This implies that he visions, missions and objectives of a business need to have a strong base upon which, a strong team is built. Any team has problems but it is up to the team leader to be very sensitive to any slight behavioural change that would reduce the performance of the team in the long run. The team leader as a people manager should also talk to the team members and encourage them. When one is given motivation to do something, a person is performs even better as they flourish in the though that it is not only him or her that believes he or she can do it but also the team leader. There are teams made up of simple human beings like any human being but thee is always something about the teams. They have the attitude that they were born to win. An example of one such team is â€Å"Manchester United Football Team†. They believe that they are winners. When a person believes something, it is very difficult for them not to make it a reality. It is important that people managing people instil a winning attitude in their team members (Lawler et al., 2004, p.14). It goes a long way in building a strong competent team. How Teamwork affects other key performance areas This can be illustrated by a diagram which is shown below: According to Vandenberg and Lance (1992, p.156), under managing self we have several issues that are worth elaborating and they are eight in number. The very first one is the creative nature and originality of the self. Teamwork improves the ability of a person to get creative and think of ways to get out of tasks presented to him or her that are challenging. This is because the person is always trying to get out of something and always jogging his or her mind to get out of something. The person also wants to be original. It is very difficult to find unethical leadership in a person who leads a team or even the team member himself or herself. A person is always out to improve and to build the winning team so as to achieve the objectives of the business and also get to improve the performance of the team. Performance is core in teams so the self is built to consider ethics when tackling organisational challenges (Walker, 2002, p.36). It is the people around us that build us. Man is no island. People in good teams have been found to have a better way of communication and also have the character to go with this. For a good team to succeed, the members that comprise it have to be in constant communication with each other. A marriage is a good example of a team. Whenever there is breakdown of communication in a marriage then it becomes difficult for things to move. Good marriages are ones in which there is constant effective communication going on, on the regular (West, 2004, p.6). It is through teamwork that a person becomes effective in communication and also gets to know the character he or she should acquire in order to succeed in the business world. Managing people is not only about managing other people but also managing the self. Team work greatly helps in doing this. In teams, it is normal for people to make contributions that they own in order to steer their objective forward. This helps to build a person I problem solving skills which is a factor important to have in the business world. Williams and Anderson , (1991, p.604) concurs that the values of the self are also improved or built. In good effective teams, good values are encouraged as undesirable ones are normally discouraged. This helps a person to always focus on having good values whose practice leads to them sticking. Effective teams have brainstorming sessions where team members contribute in order to make the achievement of their objectives a success. This helps a person to improve their thinking capacities and also helps team members to think in a way that optimises the performance of the business (Blau, 1985, p.279). It gives the individual that deliberate way of thinking that involves thinking in a certain direction. Team members benefit by being in such teams. For a team to succeed then the personalities of the persons in it need to be on point. It is the work personality that helps team members to be able to work through their differences with that common vision in mind. When members learn the personality they need to have in order to work together they will definitely practice this as all of them want to get to the goal so bad. In life, it really matters how badly, one wants to get something as if one does not want something so badly, they will not put differences aside, they will not work hard enough and they will not value input from team members. Under managing people, there are four key areas that need to be discussed and team work is a major component or ingredient in managing people. Arbinger Institute (2002, p.9) suggests that there is team work, the diversity of people, transformed leadership and motivating people. Team work is intertwined with the three issues as it is in team work that people are motivated to push on in order to improve performance. Leadership Leadership is also transformed in team work as most of the time, it is not the team members that learn from the team leader but it is the team leader most of the time rather than not that learn from the team members (National Institute of Social Work, 1996, p.11). The members teach the leaders on hoe to lead knowingly or unknowingly. This gives birth to a new way of leading especially if the leader of a tea listens to his members. Teams can be made up of a rich diversity of people which can either be used to achieve the objectives of a business or also allow the differences that exist within to ruin the team. In International Companies, recruitment as in the type of the company is done at an international level. This means that people will be mixed from different cultures and backgrounds and also different races as well (Block, 1996, p.33). It is quite challenging building a team of people of the same background. It is quite tasking to build a team that comprises of different people. People of one background have been seen to appreciate the music from another background even when they do not know what they are saying. It is in this regard that a team leader needs to direct his team members to be able to dance to the same tune which is synonymous to achieving the same objectives of the business. Such teams come to appreciate diversity. They come to understand that people are different but sure can work together in order to achieve a common goal. Brown and Wardle (1996, p.12) argues that managing work is also another factor that is intertwined with team work. In order to manage a team then the work also has to be managed; the work needs to be kept track of. It is very important that work goes on smoothly in a team even when the management of the team has to be changed for this purpose. Managing work involves the judgement of decisions and also the ability to manage the decision. A decision can be evaluated on the basis of the results of the work that is done or the work that has been achieved in order. The team can easily be evaluated on the same based on the decisions the team made. A team can be judged based on the decisions they made. The decisions they make have to improve performance in the business or organisation (Covey, 2009, p.62). Once the decision is made, then it needs to be managed. When a decision is not managed, then it beats logic to have made the decision in the first place. It is important that team members carry follow through their decisions in order to achieve the task given to undertake. A good team is one that manages the team members well. A strong human resource management is a must in strong teams. Whenever the human resource in a team is good, there are very slim chances of a team not doing its best to accomplish whatever task that is presented before them. We have seen that people are very important and it is through people that a business gets to achieve its objectives. According to Dimma (2007, p.47), a good human resource department forming part of a team will value the employee and make that employee as reasonably comfortable as possible in order for the business to achieve its objectives. A good human resource sub team will provide incentives to persons working in their business; give them a reason to turn down job offers given by other businesses or companies. Good teams also ensure that they manage the information they have in a way to improve performance rather than sitting on information. It is the information we gather in business or in life that assist us in making decisions hence the word informed decision. It is important that a team acts on the basis that it has information. Innovation, Priority management and Objective setting are al components of managing work but also relate to team work (Harrison, 1972, p.28). It is in teams that innovative ideas, decisions and work emerge from. This is because of the team aspect. Teams also prioritise in terms of work so as not to leave important work pending for a long time than usual. It is important that a team sets for itself objectives aside from the objectives of the business so as to also have a common goal in terms of work. Team building and Team Work Companies have been seen to spend quite a lot of money so as to improve the team building skills of their employees. This goes on to show just how important team work is important in the world we live in today especially in the business world. It is essential that a manager has team building skills as it is part and parcel of managing people. It is an important part of managing people. The same people can work by themselves but achieve less productivity. A good, strong team is one in which these same people come together and work towards a goal but perform much better than when they were working on an individual basis. This is the idea behind merging. Some companies merge because together, they have more yields and perform on a different level, giving their customers higher quality of service than when the companies were doing it on their own (Iverson and Roy, 1994, p.39). This is the secret of synergy. Individuals are different but synergised so as to achieve optimum performance. In team building, there are two very important factors to consider. One factor that we have to appreciate in team building is the diversity that exists in terms of the personalities that exist and also the skills. The different people have to be in such a way that they fully exploit their potential to the last drop but again, the weaknesses of the same people are covered for by the other people‘s strengths. Their different personalities have to be in a way that they balance out. In a good team, all ideas, works and decisions in a team made by different individuals are directed to a common purpose either created within the team or the objectives of the business (Goodwin, 2005, p.91). The goals have to be clearly understood by the team members. When some team members get it while others don’t then already there is a loophole and the team is bound to fail because of a different set of goals embedded in the different team members’ minds. Team building Activities aimed at team building are very important so as to assist in the establishment of a strong team. To have a great team takes a lot of hard work, dedication and determination. Team building activities are therefore very important in that they assist in the building of a great team. It is important that a team is led by someone but not just anyone but a good leader. It may not help that a team has clearly understood the objectives, they ma have the same personality thus resulting in conflicts mostly because of fighting (Charan, Drotter and Noel, 2001, p.29). If everyone in a team wants to be a leader then we have a problem as each team member will be acting so as to show how he or she can dominate people. This has led to in-house fighting on too many an instance. There are many factors that have to be overcome to have a good team which is reason the more for team building activities to be taken seriously. There are basic techniques that have to be in place for an effective team to be built. The most obvious one is that all the team members need to have understood and clearly have the goals and objectives behind having the team and also the goals and objectives behind having the business or organisation. There also has to be a clear chain of command in that every single team member is completely aware of their duties and responsibilities and there should be no grey area in this. All the roles have to be distinct so that in the case that there is competition over a certain role then the role needs to be split into smaller distinct roles so as to avoid conflict in the team built. A team leader also needs to be able to spend time with his or her team members so as to understand the various personalities and skills he or she has in the team and also appreciate the same. When a team leader is fair, open, honest and loyal then it becomes a little bit easier to have the same back from the employees or team members. This may be summarised to leading by example. It is in team building activities that members learn how to trust each other and also be open with each other. When this is done then they work together better. The activities should have social times deliberately to prompt people to bond and share their experiences. They get to know each other better which is good for the business as this will help them accommodate each other’s faults but accentuating their strengths (Brion, 1989, p.32). This is what we want to achieve by having a team working on something. An example of one such activity is scheduling the week such that a specific day of the week is set aside so that employees or team members can share lunch. It is over this that they bond. The secret to having an effective team built is also to have the practice of involving the team members in the decision making process so that they feel like they own the decision. When one owns something, it is very difficult for them not to take care of it and watch it grow. The goal can be set in a group. The tactics to be used to undertake in undertaking challenges presented to a team are also brainstormed by the team with them being encouraged to give possible solutions. This leads to the obligated feeling of a team member since a sense of ownership has been cultivated in him or her, which leads to the commitment of team leaders to the cause of the team. There is also need to keep the lines of communication open in a team. It is through this that a team can succeed. Conclusion In today’s world, it is not so fashionable to do things on an individual basis as performance is result driven. The world expects so much from people that the only way the same expectation can be met is through team work. Most of the world’s greatest achievements have been accomplished because of team work. It is very difficult to achieve the results desired in a business single handily. It will have to be in a team. Team work is a very important aspect of business (Curry, et al., 1986, p.851). This explains why businesses always want to now if one is a team player before recruiting them into their companies. Business owners will look at a person’s history to be able to establish whether they are team players or not. It is quite normal in the global arena to find teams in businesses as people have appreciated strength in numbers. To achieve almost perfection in a business and to boost sales or improve the quality of businesses, team work is essential. It is important to have team skills whether one will eventually be a team member or a team leader (Kelley, 1999, p.63). A team leader is a leader to the extent of the performance of his or her team. A team leader is always a member of another team only on a different level. It is quite clear that the world revolves in team work. It is safe to say that the world is a family of teams; its just that they have different objectives and different personalities and skills. References Arbinger Institute, 2000, Leadership and self-deception: getting out of the box, London: Berrett- Koehler Publishers. Blau, G 1985, The measurement and prediction of career commitment, Journal of Occupational Psychology, Vol. 58, pp.277-288. Block, P 1996, Stewardship: choosing service over self interest, Sydney: Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Brion, J.M 1989, Organizational leadership of human resources: the knowledge and the skills, New York: Jai Press. Brown, J., Wardle, M 1996, Chance favors the prepared mind: leadership, teamwork and mapping change for human resources, Cambridge: H.M.S.O. Charan, R., Drotter, S.J., Noel, J. L 2001, The leadership pipeline: how to build the leadership-powered company, London: John Wiley and Sons. Covey, S.R 2009, Principle-centered leadership, California: Summit Books. Curry, J., Wakefield, D., Price, J., Mueller, C 1986, On the causal ordering of job satisfaction and organizational commitment, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 29, No.4, pp.847-858. Dimma, W.A 2007, Tougher Boards For Tougher Times: Corporate Governance In The Post- Enron Era, Mombay: Wiley-India. Goodwin, N 2005, Leadership in health care: a European perspective, New York: Routledge. Gratton, L., Hailey, V.H., Stiles, P 1999, Strategic human resource management: corporate rhetoric and human reality, Cambridge: Oxford University Press. Hare, S.E., Hare, A.P 1996, SYMLOG field theory: organizational consultation, value differences, personality and social perception, Michigan: Praeger. Harrison, R 1972, Understanding your organization’s character, Harvard Business Review, pp.22-32.. Hersey, P., Blanchard, K.H 1988. Management of organizational behavior: utilizing human resources, 5th ed., London: Prentice-Hall. Iverson, R.D., Roy, P 1994, A causal model of behavioral commitment: evidence from a study of Australian blue-collar employees, Journal of Management, Vol. 20, No.1, pp.15-41. Kelley, R.E 1999, How to be a star at work: nine breakthrough strategies you need to succeed, Atlanta: Times Business. Koestenbaum, P 2002, Leadership: the inner side of greatness : a philosophy for leaders. 2nd ed., Cairo: John Wiley and Sons. Komives, S.R., Lucas, N., McMahon, T.R 1998, Exploring leadership: for college students who want to make a difference, Michigan: Jossey-Bass Publishers. Lahiry, S. 1994, Building commitment through organizational culture, Training and Development, Vol. 3, pp.50-52. Lawler, E.E., et al. 2004, Human resources business process outsourcing: transforming how HR gets its work done, Boston: John Wiley and Sons. Michaels, P 1994, An expanded conceptual framework on organizational commitment and job satisfaction for sales force management, Journal of Business and Society, Vol. 7, No.1, pp.42-67. Mowday, R., Steers, R., Porter, L 1979, The measurement of organizational commitment, Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol. 14, pp.224-227. National Institute of Social Work, 1996, Leadership, teamwork and changing practice, New York: National Institute for Social Work. Parcells, B., Coplon, J 1995, Finding a way to win: the principles of leadership, teamwork, and motivation, Edinburgh: Doubleday. Pearce, C.L., Conger, J.A 2002, Shared leadership: reframing the hows and whys of leadership, Boston: SAGE. Phillips, D.T 1997, The founding fathers on leadership: classic teamwork in changing times, Beijing: Warner Books. Ramsey, R.D 2005, Lead, follow, or get out of the way: how to be a more effective leader in todays schools, 2nd ed., Berlin: Corwin Press. Rothwell, W.J 2008, Human Resource Transformation: Demonstrating Strategic Leadership in the Face of Future Trends, Edinburgh: Davies-Black Publishing. Roth, K.K 2004, Executive Leadership Attributes Relating to Transformed Organizational Human Resource Services: A Study of Transformational Leadership, Amsterdam: Universal-Publishers. Schermerhorn, J., Hunt, J., Osborn, R 1994, Managing Organizational Behavior, New York, NY: Wiley Sons. Stogdill, R.M 1974, Handbook of Leadership: A Survey of Theory and Research, New York, NY: Free Press. Storey, J 2004, Leadership in organizations: current issues and key trends, London: Routledge. Vandenberg, R., Lance, C 1992, Examining the causal order of job satisfaction and organizational commitment, Journal of Management, Vol. 18, No.1, pp.153-67 Walker, J 2002, Ready, Aim, Inspire!: 101 Quotes on Leadership Teamwork, Washington: iUniverse. West, W.A 2004, Effective teamwork: practical lessons from organizational research, 2nd ed., New York: Wiley-Blackwell,. Williams, L.J., Anderson, S.E 1991, Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors, Journal of Management, Vol. 17, No.3, pp.601-17.

Importance of Schools Essay

Insertion of Article 25-A in the Constitution has guaranteed the provision of free and compulsory education by the state to all children in the age cohort of 5 to 16 years. The 18th amendment and insertion of Article 25-A has the potential to accelerate the pace of achievement of national and international targets towards the achievements of MDGs since right to free and compulsory education has been recognized. In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa the lack of appropriate public sector educational institutes leads to the high ratio of drop out from schools. The available public sector schools in KP are not able to support high influx of students passing out from primary schools. Each second union council in Pakistan’s Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province has no high school for girls, leaving thousands of female students to drop out after completing primary education. Latest official data reveals that around 505 out of the total 990 union councils in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa have no high school for girls sho wing the apathy of the successive governments towards female education in the militancy-ravaged province. Similarly, 158 union councils have no high schools for boys. In the absence of high schools both for girls and boys majority of the students in the respective areas have no option but to stop going to schools after completing primary education. Unfortunately, on one hand a number of educational institutions, particularly for girls, were blown up or torched in the militant-infested districts of the province while on other the government in past failed to pay heed to establishment of high schools to boost the already deteriorating standard of education. The insecurity and lack of schools have increased the dropout rate of the children in early age. Sitting aside the far-off districts like inaccessible Kohistan and Dir, even the capital city of Peshawar is short of educational institutions. Out of total 93 union councils in Peshawar, about 55 have no high school for girls while 32 of them are without high school for boys, according to the data. Out of 75 union councils in Mardan the sec ond largest city in KP, 34 have no high school for girls and 15 have no high school for boys. The Kohistan district has total 38 union councils but only one of them has a high school for girls. Similarly, its 24 union councils have no high schools for boys. Bannu has 47 union councils and among them 23 have no high school for girls and 15 are without high school for boys. Similarly, 41 union councils in Swat, 21 in Abbottabad, 23 in Chitral, 27 in Charsadda, 14 in Dera Ismail Khan, 10 in  Lower Dir, 33 in Mansehra, 24 in Nowshera, 23 in Lakki, 16 in Battagram, 20 in Upper Dir, 23 in Shangla and 13 in Hangu have no high schools for girls. According to policy analysis report from UNESCO in 2012, there are about 2,845,843 students enrolled at primary level throughout KP, while only 1,077,597 at high schools in KP. This shows that almost 50% get dropped out after primary schools due to one reason or another, the most prevailing of which is the huge difference in the number of institutes both at primary and high level leads to the drop out of most of the students due to the non-availability of high schools in their locality or the high schools available do not have the facilities to accommodate the large number of students. Majority of the population cannot afford the fee structures of private schools so they are unwillingly compelled to discontinue the education of their children, and leaving no option but to involve their children in child labor. The lack of High Schools in the locality also leads to dropout. Due to cultural norms and values people mostly don’t send their female children to schools far from them.

Primary and Secondary Sources

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SOURCES What is Primary Sources? * Primary sources  are original  materials. Generally, primary sources are not accounts written after the fact with the benefit of hindsight. * Information for which the writer has no personal knowledge is not primary, although it may be used by historians in the absence of a primary source. * Primary sources provide first-hand testimony or direct evidence concerning a topic under investigation. They are created by witnesses or recorders who experienced the events or conditions being documented. Often these sources are created at the time when the events or conditions are occurring. Examples of Primary Sources: * archives and manuscript material * photographs, audio recordings, video recordings, films * journals, letters and diaries * speeches * scrapbooks * published books, newspapers and magazine clippings published at the time * government publications * oral histories * records of organizations * autobiographies and memoi rs * printed ephemera * artifacts, e. g. clothing, costumes, furniture * research data, e. g. public opinion polls What is Secondary Sources? * Offer an interpretation or analysis  of the primary source materials. * Second hand accounts of historical events. Secondary sources are works of synthesis and interpretation based upon primary sources and the work of other authors. They may take a variety of forms. The authors of secondary sources develop their interpretations and narratives of events based on primary sources, that is, documents and other evidence created by participants or eyewitnesses.  ¦ Examples of Secondary Sources: * articles, * biographies, * books, * textbooks, * Reports on events, etc. THINGS TO ASK WHEN EVALUATING PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SOURCES: * How does the author know these details (names, dates, and times)? Was the author present at the event or soon on the scene? * Where this information does came from? Eyewitness accounts? Reports written by the others? * Are the author’s conclusion based on a single piece of evidence, or have many sources been taken into account? SOME TECHNIQUES FOR TESTING THE AUTHENTICITY OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY SOURCES: * Check the currency of secondary sources. * Make certain primary sources are housed in a reputable archive and/or have been indexed or catalogue by experts in the source’s discipline. * Research the authority and credentials of journal article author. Cross check to see if others researches agree with your critique. HOW CAN I TELL IF SOMETHING IS A SECONDARY SOURCE? As with any research, examine the document or article carefully for accuracy and credibility. Use the following questions to help you determine whether or not you are using a credible secondary source. AUTHORS: * How does the author know what he/she knows? * Does his/her knowledge stem from personal experience or having read about and analyzed an event? * Does the author cite several other (published) reports? CONTENT : Why is the information being provided or the article written? * Are there references to other writings on this topic? * Is the author interpreting previous events? * Does the information come from personal experience or other’s accounts? CURRENCY: * Is the date of publication evident? * Is the date of publication close to the event described or was it written much later? Sources: * http://www. yale. edu/collections_collaborative/primarysources/primarysources. html * http://www. mitchellteachers. org * http://www. slideshare. net/stellacomans/primary-and-secondary-sources-7878126

One of the studies I found talked about how men and women...

One of the studies I found talked about how men and women differ in confronting their significant other about extra-partner affairs. The author of this study, Barry X. Khule, had trained undergraduate students watch and code fifty-one episodes of the reality television show Cheaters (Khule, 2011). Individuals who believed they were being cheated on called the show and asked that the Cheater’s Detective Agency (CDA) follow their significant other around for weeks. Then, the CDA provided the victim with video surveillance footage to show whether or not their significant other had actually been cheating on them. The show then gave the victim a chance to confront the cheating mate. The confrontation was also videotaped as part of the show†¦show more content†¦Men are believed to have evolved an adaptation for jealousy because if a man’s significant other was unfaithful, it reduced the man’s chances of reproducing and passing along his genes to the next gener ation. On the other hand, women are believed to have evolved an adaptation for jealousy because if a woman’s significant other was unfaithful, she would lose her source of resources, protection, and attention (Buss Haselton, 2005). This article also states that men find it harder to forgive a sexual infidelity and women find it harder to forgive an emotional infidelity. Evolutionary psychologists believe that women are drawn to men based on their resources (e.g. money, family, health) and that men are drawn to women based on their physical appearance (e.g. body shape, size, facial attractiveness). When men feel as though they are in jeopardy of infidelity, they engage in what the authors of the article call â€Å"jealous mate-guarding†, especially during their woman’s time of ovulation each month. When women feel that their â€Å"resource-endowed† man may be more attracted to another woman, they also engage in jealous mate-guarding (Buss Haselton, 2005). In my opinion, jealousy can be a big problem, but it doesn’t have to be. It all depends on the couple and how compatible they are with each other. A little jealousy can be a good thing; it means that people care about each ot her and are afraid to lose one another. However, there is a point whereShow MoreRelatedEnvy, Jealousy, And Jealousy1343 Words   |  6 Pagessickness, but some people say that is a motivation to be better. Although envy and jealousy are similar, but they are two different things according to studies. Although envy and jealousy are often treated as synonyms but there is a difference. You are envious of what others have but what you do not. Jealousy, on the other hand, involves holding tight on what you have; afraid of losing (Brians). Envy and jealousy are similar, but they have the different meaning in term of emotion. The emotion whenRead MoreBehavioral Jealousy872 Words   |  4 PagesBehavioral jealousy are actions that occur between an individual who is experiencing envious thoughts and how they internalize and react to the stimuli. Pfeiffer and Wong (1989) â€Å"conceptualize jealous behaviors as the detective/protective measures a person takes when relationship rivals (real or imaginary) are perceived. Detective actions include questioning, checking up on the partner, and searching the partner’s belongings† (p.183). Research suggests that behavioral jealousy is used to maintainRead MoreOthello- Jealousy1814 Words   |  8 PagesJealousy, â€Å"the green-e yed monster† Shakespeare is consistent in his use of repeated themes throughout his works, particularly those of love, death, and betrayal. Shakespeare repeats these themes to set the mood through his works. It is important for Shakespeare to be consistent with his themes, or the plays would lose their meaning and mood. All of these themes are present in Othello, but the most dominant is the theme of jealousy, which presents itself multiple times throughout the play. We seeRead MoreEssay on Jealousy in Othello1076 Words   |  5 Pagesothers, begins to take advantage of those around him, and does not relent on anyone who gets in his way to gain what he craves most: power. First, jealously stems from Iago’s own craving for what others have and he lacks. Iago is a man who uses jealousy against those around him; however, this jealously seems to be what fuels his own loathing in the first place. Iago’s jealously is first shown at the beginning of the play when he is speaking with Roderigo about the Moor. He says: Despise me Read MoreJealousy, By William Shakespeare2097 Words   |  9 Pagesthree of my chosen texts is jealousy, It is presented in many different ways ranging from sexual and romantic jealousy to professional jealousy of someone of a higher rank or social standing. In every example jealousy is portrayed as being the main cause of self destruction of the characters it afflicts. Othello is driven to madness by his jealousy and this culminates in the murder of his wife, Ferdinand loses his sanity and murders his sister because of his intense jealousy over her lover and his desireRead MoreIago’s Jealousy Essay915 Words   |  4 PagesIago’s Jealousy In Shakespeare’s tragedy Othello, good is often confronted by evil, in which almost every case is in the form of jealousy. Iago, the plays antagonist, is a very manipulative villain. Iago uses his own agony and distress brought upon him by his envy of others, to provoke the same agony within the characters in the play. Jealousy’s ability are shown to influence people to new ends and make all humanistic judgment disappear leaving that man a monster torn apart by envy. Jealousy’sRead MoreEssay About Jealousy782 Words   |  4 Pageshaystack. It’s lost in a boundless sea of nothing. You can’t laugh and have fun. You find joy in hanging with your friends or family because jealousy is reminding you how easy life may be for them, or how much more fun they seem to be having then you. Jealousy not only develops from a significant other but also from your parents or friends. With parents, jealousy arises from one sibling gets more attention than the other. It’s as if you start to feel like your parents don’t love you enough to put inRead MoreJealousy, Love, And Death964 Words   |  4 PagesOthello. However, the most dynamic of themes in this play is jealousy. White describes jealousy as a â€Å"complex of thoughts, feelings, and actions which follow threats to self-esteem and/or threats to the existence or quality of a relationship† (qtd in UK essays par 1). Two types of jealousy are presented to the audience in Othello; the kind of jealousy that is fear of losing what one has, and the kind that is envious of what others have. Jealousy is a prevalent theme in Othello; it is rooted by love andRead MoreJealousy In Othello Essay758 Words   |  4 PagesIn William Shakespeare’s tragedy Othello, the Moorish general in the Italian army, Oth ello, tragically downfalls due to jealousy. Othello has recently married Desdemona, and Iago being jealous that Cassio, the local drunk, got offered the position of lieutenant over himself, decides to disrupt Othello and Desdemona’s new marriage. Iago’s plan includes getting Cassio drunk and in a fight, so that Othello will not want him as lieutenant anymore. Then Iago will convince Cassio to go to Desdemona, soRead MoreJealousy and Race in Othello 1430 Words   |  6 Pagesplay deals with various themes and issues, however, this essay will focus on jealousy and race. Othello is considered one of the infamous (if not the most) literary works focusing on jealousy and the consequences it brings about. Various characters besides Othello fall victim to jealousy in the play and subject to different forms, i.e. sexual suspicion, lust and even disputes over promotion. It may be said that jealousy is the essence of the ‘tragedy’ that takes place in Othello. Shakespeare utilizes