The Third Level by Jack Finney Lesson Plans Example For Students

The Third Level by Jack Finney Lesson Plans Subject: Charley a thirty one year old having worked late around evening time enters Grand Central Station from Vanderbilt road, with the point of loading up a train home. As the station is enormous comprising of different hallways and two levels cooking for various trains, he loses his direction. He winds up in what he believes is the third degree of the station. He understands that something is distinctive there as the individuals are dressed diversely and the zone is lit not with the electric light of the cutting edge times yet with open gas fires. He abruptly makes the disclosure that he has by one way or another entered the year 1894. he sees the date on the news paper ‘The World’ that has not been distributed for a long time. The paper that he looks at bears the date June 11, 1894. he is loaded up with fervor and he chooses to purchase two tickets for Galesburg, the serene town that he has experienced childhood in. Charley finds that he doesn't have the proper cash of that period and is along these lines incapable to purchase the ticket. His significant other and his therapist companion, Sam just as his different companions are very frightened when they hear his record and restrict him to look for the third level once more. They treat the episode as an invention of his creative mind and credit it to his longing to escape from a mind-blowing worries. In any case, Charley’s companion, Sam vanishes and Charley finds a letter from him in an old First Day Cover dated July eighteenth 1894. In the letter, Sam discloses to Charley that he has settled in down in Galesburg and urges him not to surrender his quest for the Third level as it is certainly justified regardless of the exertion. Sam is presently occupied with a decent feed, feed and grain business, something that he has consistently wished he could do. The writer leaves the perusers thinking about what the Third Level truly is. In spite of the fact that Charley can discover verification of his experience, is it extremely conceivable to make this progress to and fro in time? Jack Finney an author of sci-fi treats his preferred subject, Time in another measurement. The shadowy, scary world that lies somewhere close to dreams, wants and the truth is the thing that he calls The Third Level. It is where the past, the present and the future meet and here nothing is, as it appears. Mark of the subject educator †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Exercise Plan THE THIRD LEVEL Page B Date of beginning :†¦2ND APRIL 2009†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Number of periods: . †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦08†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Real date of beginning: †¦2ND APRIL 2009†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Date of fruition: †¦18TH APRIL 2009†¦. Short questionsComprehensive inquiries Attempt the accompanying inquiries in 60-70 words every: 1. What disclosure did Charley make? How? Answer in around 120 words: 1. Do you believe that the third level was a mode of break for Charley? 2. What did Charley’s companions and specialists state about the third level? How did his significant other respond? What was Charley’s response to it? 2. What do you induce from Sam’s letter to Charley? 3. Arriving at the third level was only an occurrence. This was not the first occasion when that he had lost his direction. Legitimize. 3. â€Å"The present day world is brimming with instability, dread, war, stress and stress†. What are the manners by which we endeavor to beaten them? 4. How the third level at the Grand Central Station was unique in relation to other two? 4. Do you see a crossing point of existence in the story? 5. What affirmed to Charley that he was on the third level? For what reason did Charley wish to go to Galesburg? 5. Evident illogicality now and again ends up being a cutting edge projection. Talk about. 6. What was Charley’s response subsequent to returning from the third level? 6. Philately helps keep the past alive. Examine different manners by which this is finished. What's your opinion of the human tendancy to continually move between the past, the present and what's to come? 7. What persuades Charley and Louisa about the presence of the third level? 8. What was the psychiatrist’s examination of Charley’s portrayal of the third level at the Grand Central Station? Mark of the Principal †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ADDITIONAL IMPORTANT QUESTION WITH ANSWER HINTS: QA. What does Charley, the storyteller, state about the Third Level at Grand Central Station? How does his therapist companion react? Ans. Charley declares that there are three levels at Grand Central Station. His attestation depends on his own understanding. He has been on the third level. Among others, he conversed with a specialist companion about it. The specialist said that it was waking dream and wish satisfaction. He was miserable and simply needed to get away. QB. What inquisitive experience did Charley have one day when he went to Grand Central Station to take the tram? Ans. Charley strolled down a stairway to the subsequent level. He dodged into a n curved entryway heading for the tram and got lost. The passage turned left and slopped downwards, however he continued strolling. He heard just the vacant hints of his own strides. The passage turned sharp left. He went down a short stairwell and came out on the third level at Grand Central Station where he had looks at the old world existence of 1894. QC. What do find out about Galesburg, Illinois during 1894? Ans. Galesburg is portrayed as the awesome town with large old confined houses and gigantic yards. The parts of the mind blowing old trees met overhead and secured the lanes. In 1894, summer nighttimes were twice as long. Individuals set out on there gardens. The men would be smoking stogies and talking unobtrusively. The ladies would wave palm leaf fans. There were fireflies all around. It was a tranquil world that had not been desolated by the two World Wars of the twentieth century. Q. 1Do you see a crossing point of reality in the story The Third Level†? A free play among dream and reality in The Third Level causes the story to rise above all hindrances of existence. Accordingly Charley strays into 1894at the third level and afterward returns to the twentieth century. Sam transports himself to Galesburg, Illinois in 1894 but then his correspondence with Charley in the twentieth Century realizes a persuading convergence regarding existence. Q. 2How did the therapist disclose Charleys trip to the non-existent third level? The specialist clarified that Charley couldnt clearly have arrived at the third level as it didnt exist by any stretch of the imagination. He was of the view that dread, instability, war, stress and such, made his pressure ridden mind work out a break course for himself. The third level was his very own production creative mind and waking-dream wish satisfaction I. . Charleys experience of the third level was a defense he had always wanted and unfulfilled wishes of the inner mind. The flight never occurred as the entire scene was a fabrication of his creative mind. Q. 3Yes, Ive taken the conspicuous stem. For what reason does Charley term meeting he specialist as an undeniable step’? The second Charley discussed his going ov er the non-existent third level, everyone got frightened and felt that he expected to see a therapist. In light of the current situation, it was plain and clear that he should look for a specialists feeling to preclude any mental issue. Henceforth he terms it as an undeniable advance. Q. 4Why did the specialists examination make Louisa lose her temper and how did the therapist conciliate her? Louisa and Charley were driving an upbeat wedded life. Along these lines, the spouse couldnt endure the therapists perception about Charley being a despondent man. In any case, her indignation died down when he proceeded onward to state that he was alluding to present day keeps an eye on despondency by and large. Q. 5What was Charleys perspective as he returns from the workplace? For what reason did he choose to take the metro from the Grand Central Station? Having worked late at the workplace, Charley was exhausted and exhausted. He wished to come back to his caring spouse, Louisa and to the solace of his home, as quick as could be expected under the circumstances. The transport would have taken more time to cover the separation, so he chose to take the metro. Q. 6How did Charley arrive at the third level? In his rush to take a train back home, Charlie came to Grand Central from Vanderbilt Avenue and took two stairways to arrive at the second level from where his train was to leave. He got lost while dodging into an angled entryway, which prompted the tram and he ended up into a passage. The passage took him to another stairwell toward the finish of which he ended up on the third level at Grand Central Station. Q. 7What does the third level represent? Third Level represents keeps an eye on longing to dig further into the universe of creative mind as a break from the universe of brutal real factors. It represents his mission for the impressive normality of a time long since past that was liberated from the cutting edge razzle-stun, modernity and material solaces yet oozed harmony and serenity. Q. 8What does Grand Central Station represent? The Grand Central Station represents the maze that this world is with its mind boggling and tangled pathways. The system of sections is convoluted to such an extent that instead of arriving at the goal, one continues going all over each of the ones life to search for passages and ways out. Q. 9Now I dont know why this ought to have transpired. Charley asked why out of the entire strain ridden world, only he took a trip to the third level. For what reason do you think, it transpired? The degree of affectability and intensity of creative mind fluctuate from individual to individual. Trapped in the snare of dullness, dull everyday practice and quick life, Charley thinks that its hard to adapt to such an actual existence. So on the wings of creative mind; he takes a trip to the non-existent world. Q. 10What does Charley contrast Grand Central Station with? Why? Charley co

Plains, Games, and Automobiles free essay sample

Fields, games, and cars; the scandalous gathering of three that transformed me into a hooligan. It was a warm summer day, and I was a kid. However the wonderful climate misrepresented the exercises on King Edward’s Way, where unadulterated shrewdness was occurring. The horrible men were annihilating the field that I played in. My companion, Isaiah, and I viewed the devastation happen, letting the fierceness fill our prepubescent bodies. Consistently, we would approach the field past our road. Monster hills of soil extended miles into the sky. We cherished those mountains, and they adored us. We climbed them, running from ninjas one day, getting Pokemon the following. They offered to us an essential setting in framing great cherished recollections. Also, the men were tearing them down. In truth, it was entirely thick of me to not understand that the heaps of soil were, actually, dreadful slopes, and that they were simply physical proof of a progress from a field to houses. We will compose a custom exposition test on Fields, Games, and Automobiles or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In any case, to a youngster, everything is a game, and that’s how it ought to be. Being the vigilantes that we were, Isaiah and I concluded that the time had come to give out equity. We considered these to be as beasts, whose labor of love was to wreck our home. So we sent them a message. Isaiah approached my home on our D-Day. It was the ideal opportunity for this war to end. I shouted to my mom, disclosing to her that we were going to play Pokemon at the highest point of the slope. She got it. The ideal bad habit. Didn’t suspect a thing. We walked up to the battleground and investigated the fields. A serious breeze kicked up some soil, yet else, it was all peaceful. Vehicles zoomed by on the opposite street. These observers would be our most concerning issue. In the stealthiest design conceivable, we slithered down the slope. We went to a concrete chamber and pigeon inside. There was no turning around. We had no clue what to do now. Our honesty was occurring to us; could two children truly cut down a whole horde? In any case, the guiltlessness was likewise our best resource; no one anticipates the youngsters. Towards the finish of the field, an enormous truck was left with nobody inside. That would do. We ran our hands over the filthy outside of the tank. It was secured with the blood of our country, sloppy spots going about as fight scars. Our fury expanded, however we tried to avoid panicking. On the off chance that we blew it now, that could prompt genuine difficulty. Our folks may even discover. After snapshots of looking, I found a chink in the shield. Two orange circles on the rear of the truck secured the lights that lit up for the brakes. Without those, we understood that the truck would in all likelihood be pulled over, which would be a triumph all things considered. Isaiah watched the traffic, searching for a break. I paused, rock close by, prepared to convey that deadly blow. He gave the sign. Out of nowhere, I froze. Was this actually my destiny? To stand out forever like Al Capone, giving up my life of potential to one of gangsterism and thuggishness? Yet, tsk-tsk, so as to guard my country, penances must be made. I willed myself to relinquish that infantile notoriety and pummeled the stone into the brake light spread. The stone struck the plastic and broke it right away. It tumbled to the ground, coming down odds and ends of triumph. I was prepared to stop there, yet my psyche was not my own. I struck once more, crushing the light. The brake light was out, however I needed more. I did likewise for the other light, crushing and crushing until Isaiah pulled me away from my casualty. I resembled a fighter, punching my adversary, getting my gloves on him in any capacity conceivable until I was persuasively expelled. At that point I saw the peril. A vehicle maneuvered into our field. I dropped the stone, however there was soil on my hands. It drove up close to us. A man moved down the window and asked what our identity was. I did the talking; I was the pioneer of this group. I disclosed to him who we were, puffing out my chest, both for size and with an end goal to conceal the monstrous pounding of my apprehensive heart. He inquired as to why we were here. Being the unbelievable improviser that I am, I revealed to him that we were gathering rocks. His suspicious face indicated how little he trusted me. Be that as it may, without genuinely implicating proof, he let us go, sending us out the door. We ran back to my home, hearts going quicker than our little legs could take us. We had done it. The modern goliath was done. Equity had won for the last time. Obviously, by and large, our endeavors were worthless. They assembled a lot of houses and lofts, and we lost our field. We never were gotten by our folks or any other individual, yet the blame of my wrongdoing has stayed with me right up 'til the present time. To put it to be perfectly honest, I was dumb. Yet, I figured out how to divert my life around from my vocation of wrongdoing, and now, here I am. Without the account of the Harrisonburg fields, the games we played there, and the car that transformed me into a crook, I would not be the individual that I am today.

The Health Risks of Marijuana and Breastfeeding

The Health Risks of Marijuana and Breastfeeding Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Print The Health Risks of Marijuana and Breastfeeding By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 22, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 15, 2020 Tatyana Tomsickova Photography/Moment/Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Marijuana Cocaine Heroin Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Marijuana, also known as cannabis or weed, is the most commonly used illegal drug?? and many women use medical marijuana for recreational use in states where it is legal as well. Although generally considered a harmless or soft drug, there are risks associated with marijuana use. Parents need to be cautious about exposing their baby to marijuana smoke or to breastmilk if the mother has been consuming marijuana. Research has been studying the effects of marijuana and breastfeeding and the findings are very interesting. The Breast Is Best Philosophy The Breast is Best message is one that new moms often receive and with good reason. A 2012 policy statement by the American Academy of Pediatrics reviewed the evidence on breastfeeding. The AAP concluded that given the short-term and long-term medical and neurodevelopmental advantages, breastfeeding should be promoted as the norm to new parents.?? For example, there is a 36% lower risk of SIDS when babies are breastfed.?? The stereotype of the new mom and the stereotype of the chronic marijuana user dont align very well. Everyone wants to be seen as a good parent. Physicians dont want to upset a pregnant woman or one who has recently given birth. They often dont even bring up the subject of drug use if a woman doesnt look like the type who would use drugs. Given this fact, many physicians do not routinely ask pregnant women or mothers whether they use marijuana. Far less advise them not to breastfeed because of it. The discomfort around the implications of whether a drug-using woman should even be caring for her own child would make many new parents either avoid the question  or give the expected answer â€" that they do not use marijuana. Tip: The stigma around marijuana use and the universal promotion of breastfeeding may get in the way of getting accurate advice on breastfeeding from your doctor. Breastfeeding and Marijuana Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug among pregnant and breastfeeding women.?? Probably because of stigma, we dont hear the same public health messages about marijuana use as we do with substances such as alcohol and nicotine. Yet, the same policy statement advocating for breastfeeding actually cites marijuana use as a contraindication for breastfeeding,?? meaning that women who use marijuana should not breastfeed. A number of studies support this view. If you smoke marijuana, you should not breastfeed. What Marijuana Will Do to Your Baby If You Use It While Breastfeeding More research is needed to accurately predict the effects of a mothers marijuana use on children who are breastfed, but there are some risks we know about from research: Effects on the Brain and Nervous System: As a psychoactive drug, marijuana has a direct effect on the brain and nervous system. Babies who are breastfeeding are still rapidly developing, so using marijuana while you are breastfeeding increases the risk of impaired brain and nervous system development.??Mental Functioning:  Executive functioning  can be damaged by early exposure to cannabis. This includes flexibility in thinking, being able to pay attention for long periods of time, and being able to hold information in working memory.  Emotional Regulation: Early exposure to THC, the active ingredient in marijuana, has been found to cause long-lasting changes in the emotional reactivity of children.Risk of Drug Use Later: There is some evidence from animal studies that early exposure to cannabis increases the reinforcing effects of other drugs, such as opiates. Although more research is needed to confirm this, it is well-known that substance use runs in families. If you are using can nabis, exposing your baby to the drug through breastmilk may increase the risk that your baby will go on to use drugs â€" possibly even harder drugs than marijuana. Early exposure to marijuana is associated with a range of short-term and long-term mental, emotional, and behavioral problems. The Bottom Line The best thing you can do to protect your baby from the potentially harmful effects of marijuana is to quit and make sure no one smokes marijuana, or any substance, around your child. If you cant quit, dont breastfeed â€" marijuana sticks around in the body much longer than most other drugs. You can express and discard your milk if you plan to breastfeed once you are clean. Dangers of Drug Use When Breastfeeding

An Effective Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy - 1139 Words

advanced infrastructures that would be available in hospital set ups. As a result, a lot of information from these outpatient settings tends to go unreported therefore affecting the accuracy of any research that would be based on this information. For this reason I would not recommend this as an effective skin cancer prevention strategy. While the strategies mentioned in this section can still be used to prevent skin cancer, they have some defects that prevent them from being the main prevention strategies. Some of them are as a result of them having a short term benefit but long term disadvantage such as the Resurfacing Procedures while other like funding more research do not guarantee effectiveness to prevent skin cancer. Key†¦show more content†¦Through this strategy, children acquire important knowledge and vital skill on the dangers of exposing their skin to ultraviolet radiations from the sun and some of the ways they avoid these radiations. The idea informing this strategy is so as to provide awareness as well as education about skin cancer from very young age so that children can acquire the right habits right from an early age. This strategy is a high priority because according to medical studies protection from the sun’s ultraviolet radiation is usually very important in childhood because sunburns that have been developed early during the life time of a person can often lead to the emergence of skin cancer their adulthood. It is estimated that approximately 80% of the sun damage on the skin a person during their lifetime usually happens during their childhood. An example of where this skin cancer preventive strategy was applied was in The SunWise School National Program took place between1999 to 2000 and it targeted a school setting of primary and secondary school levels and the target population was K-8 graduate students (Geller AC, Cantor M, Miller DR, et al(2002). The interventions used in this program

Directions in French

Marketing Strategy in ecommerce industry Free Essays

Introduction Technological development has led to formulation of quite a number of strategies aimed at elevating marketing in line with the current electronic age. Amazon and eBay provide us with a perfect example to the extent to which e-commerce can help in the continued growth of business. In the traditional marketing strategy, the model used is the Four P’s model. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Strategy in ecommerce industry or any similar topic only for you Order Now That is, there has to be product, place, price and promotion. The commodity offered on the market to attract attention or intended to be offered for acquisition is the product. When you have your product you must also have the platform which will act as the venue of meeting between the targeted client and the product in question. The value attached to the product and which is the target channel to the generation of revenue is the price. The price attached or tagged on the product need not necessarily be the price at which it is sold. This is because the process of selling is subject to many constraints, bargaining being one of them. Customers or targeted customers need information about the product, its characteristics and distinguishing features in order to make their purchases. Promoting the product therefore helps in ensuring that this role is played. It ensures awareness of the product by the potential customers. It is done in several ways. Advertising is one of the ways through which this promotional activity is carried out. The model applied in e-commerce strategy is more complex than what we have discussed above. However,   Ã‚  it is good to also note that it is very essential; that both traditional model and this advanced model be fused together in order to create a smooth transition without leaving a hanging gap. According to Allen and Fjermestad, integrating the new strategic frameworks with the traditional marketing model a more thorough framework can be developed. Due to great expansion that has been seen in the area of internet use, which means that the number of internet users has immensely increased, there is need to come up with a model that can serve the needs of all these customers so that businesses do not lose the goodwill of the very customers whose satisfaction the existence of the business depends on. If the satisfaction of the customers is not assured then the business can be sure to lose their confidence yet it is fundamental that the business reassures every customer of satisfaction. In fact, information apart from providing awareness, it is a product on its own.   It is therefore important to examine the problems that the e-commerce faces by critically looking at the marketing mix. In addition the four P’s do not lose meaning but rather the gain meaning. Data required As we have indicated above, data is a product on itself in addition to being a means of creating awareness to the benefit of a given product offered by a company. The product can either be a service or a good. Companies in need of obtaining data through quick online connection need to license eBay Market Data. After licensing eBay Market Data, they can access AERS (Advanced Economic Research Systems) data services online. Companies can get online quickly with time tested search technologies that produce correct analysis using the most efficient techniques possible. Before we look into the kind of data a company would need it is good to understand the setting in which the data will be situated. Allen and Fjerstand go ahead to state that the development in technology has allowed the information about the product or service to be separated from the product or service itself (Allen and Fjerstand). This, they say, has three elements: content, context and infrastructure. Content is what is being sold and could be information, service or a physical product. Context is how the product is presented for exchange. This method of presentation is vital to winning the consumer loyalty. Once the consumer loyalty is won, there is assurance of large and similar transactions taking place. Infrastructure on the other hand is the way in which the buyer and the seller are brought together in order for the transaction to be executed. There is need to understand that mentioning marketing we must have two kinds of information. We must have consumer information and product information. Therefore the data required falls under the two categories of information. The consumer has to be equipped with the full information about the product before making good the urge to purchase. In addition, the fact that the whole process internet selling is quite intangible increases the risk involved. The seller also needs to have information about the buyers. It is important that the seller understands the location of the customer, preferences and tastes. The customer will also need to know about shipping, physical features of the product on offer. Location of the data Advanced Economic Research Systems provide a wide range of data systems which in turn provide location for access of data. The following are some of the data systems that can act as location for data. eBay Category Structure Lookups eBay Smart Search Technology eBay Demographics Data Systems eBay Market Research (Customized Reporting) eBay Shipping Data Systems The method used to inquire about the information is just a click on the mouse and the navigator takes you to the required center. Analysis of the data It is vital that correct information is gathered concerning the customer or the product. If this is not done, there is possibility of collecting the wrong information thereby either buying the wrong product or providing buyers with the wrong product. Coming up with a comprehensive marketing is a challenge which has several advantages that give a strong of go on. It allows reduced warehousing by the companies thereby reducing storage costs and holding costs and reduced inventory costs due to automation. Internet selling is just to all companies big and small since any company is able to operate internet. There is possibility for companies to reach customers who are far away and who the company would otherwise not have the ability to sell to in their localities. Internet has enabled a one to one marketing in addition to creating room for 24-hour operation. Lastly, it provides a unique form of market research for information about the market. The internet has also its own demerits. The rapid growth in internet use has made it difficult for the companies to cope with high demand and manage distribution. Secondly, it is possible for transactions to take to long before being executed. This is because it is easier for buyers to forget after making an order due to dalliance. Lastly, apart from the fact that it could hard to find some sites, there is a barrier created between the buyer and the company since the products can’t be seen in person. Achievement of any framework developed should be measured in terms of customer satisfaction such that its failure would be seen through its failure to satisfy the targeted customers.  In conclusion, we ca say that there has been an enormous increase in the demand for information which can be justified by the increase in internet connectivity. This means that there is need to be developed a strategy that will ensure effective management and sustained distribution to customers. Reference: Checking out. (2000, March- April). Harvard Business Review, p. 22 Mardesian, J. (1999, November 8). ‘The Web is no Shopper’s Paradise’. Fortune. Pp 189, 190 How to cite Marketing Strategy in ecommerce industry, Essay examples

Queensland Parliamentary Library

Question: Discuss about the Queensland Parliamentary Library. Answer: Introduction: Independent contractor is appointed to provide goods and services, and no one give him instructions regarding his services while on the other hand employee receive instructions from his employer about his work. Independent contractor use his own methods and procedure for providing goods and services, but in case of employee methods and procedures are stated by the organization for which he work. Independent contractor does not receive any training from any institution but employee is trained by any particular institution for specific work (Goldsberry, n.d.). In Hollis v Vabu Pty Ltd (2001) 207 CLR 21, High Court held that on the basis of following grounds it was able to conclude that Bicycle courier is an employee: There is no skilled labor provided tobicycle couriers, and they are not able to make any independent career, or to generate any goodwill. Bicycle couriers work is controlled by the Vabu, and they have very control on their procedure of work (Athanasiou, 2011). The main difference between the permanent worker and casual worker is whether worker has been working for the period of more than 12 months or whether worker is working for irregular working hours and less than 12 months. Second difference is contract between casual worker and employer is non-permanent contract (Legal Vision, 2014). Distinction between casual worker and permanent worker is important because it decide the pay scale, working hours, and leave policy, other policies of the organization and employment status of the employee (Fair Work Ombudsman, n.d.). Permanent employee has following rights in an organization: Permanent employee has right to get same pay as other permanent staff. Right to get same or equal benefit packages. Information related to permanent vacancies in an organization. Protection against dismissal. Third party employees are those people who are appointed by organization, agencies, and individual for part time or full time employment but for other person or organization (USF, n.d.). Following are the duties of employees towards employers: Do not breach any term of employment stated in employment contract. Serve faithfully to the employer (Business Dictionary, n.d.). Usually, employees undertake industrial action when dispute between employer and employee is not resolved with negotiation. There are three type of industrial action strike, lock out, and action sort of strike (Nidirect, n.d.). Union plays an important role in workplace by resolving the disputes at workplace, and they area also the voice of employees and they act as bargaining representatives in bargaining negotiations (Fair Work Ombudsman, n.d.) Duties of employer: Provide safe and healthy working environment in an organization. Pay fair salaries to the employees. Does not discriminate between employees. Provide basic facilities at workplace (OHS, n.d.). Mary works in restaurant, but she does not work permanently in restaurant. She works once or twice in a week when someone calls her. She does not join permanently because her children are not well. The lady who owns the restaurant call Mary when business is busy. Casual employees are those employees who does not work for guaranteed hours, work sometime for irregular hours, does not get any type of paid leave or sick leave, and they can end the employment without providing any notice. There is no universal definition for casual employees (Fair Work Ombudsman, n.d.). Casual employees work for irregular hours, and there is no guarantee that they are always available for employer. They are not entitled for benefits which are available to permanent employees, but some benefits are also available to them also. Paid holidays or sick leaves are not available for casual workers but they are entitled for the parental leave. Casual workers get higher pay from permanent workers, and they also get protection for being sacked unfairly under Fair work laws. Casual workers are entitled to: Get higher pay for per hour as compared to full time or part time workers, and this is called casual loading because casual workers are not entitled for the benefit of sick or annual leave. Unpaid community service leaves. They get carers leave which is unpaid for 2 days and 2 days compassionate leave per occasion. Section 106 of Fair Work Act 2009 states that casual employee is not entitled to get base pay rate on compassionate leave. Section further stated that for casual employee compassionate leave is unpaid leave. Casual Employment and the Industrial Relations Act Amendment Bill 2001of Queensland states the following changes: Protection provided to casual employees from dismissal on the basis of discriminatory grounds or fulfilling family responsibility. Now casual employees have access to unpaid parental leave or carers leave after one year of their services (Queensland Parliament, n.d.). Casual employee is completely different from full time or part time employee on the following basis: Under Fair Work Act part time employer and full time employer gets protection from unfair dismissal, and they are to able challenge such dismissal but casual workers are not able to challenge unfair dismissal. Usually, casual workers have no right to challenge the decision of dismissal even if they believe that dismissal is harsh, rude and unfair. Casual workers has right to challenge the unfair dismissal if they are covered under employment agreement or any modern award. Casual employees who has been employed by the organization on regular and continuous basis has right to bring claim against the unfair dismissal. It must be noted that if casual employee wants to claim against unfair dismissal then casual employee must be employed for the period of 6 months and that organization must have more than 15 employees or in case of small business at least for the period of 12 months. We can understand this with the help of case law that is Williams v MacMahon Mining Services Pty Ltd [2010] FCA 1321. In this case, court held that any type of work choice did not contain definition of casual but this word is attracted by the common law or irregular engagement of employee at workplace. This case law focus on the meaning of regular and systematic employment requirements under the fair work act, and it also sates the further factors to determine regular and systematic work. Court also stated that if working hours of an employee are small and the working days are irregular then court required further proof to decide whether person is casual employee or regular employee. Therefore, if employee has proof of more working hours and regular employment in the organization then he can be considered as regular employee, and if employee has proof that his casual work hours are more than full time work hours because of work load then he can used it as proof that there is regular and systematic work. So we can conclude that casual employees have right to challenge the unfair dismissal of employee (Find law, n.d.). In the present case, Mary works for small working hours and her working days are not regular which shows that there is no regular and systematic working. Therefore, Mary is an casual employee of the restaurant. Whether Notting Hill Business Pty Ltd is liable for the overpayment made by Tom, and also explains the position of Notting Hill Business Pty Ltd in this case? Many companies hire people through third party and it becomes trend now. Companies hire from third parties and saving their time and money that spend in recruiting process. Companies which act as a third party charge extra amount from the employer for the continues flow of workers. Third party hiring is a good and successful concept and there is no harm in it because employees get project in different company when first company project is over. Third parties employers are those agencies, organizations or individuals which recruit candidates for temporary or permanent employment opportunities but not for their own need. Third party employer includes those agencies which recruit people either for profit or for not for profit, and it also includes those agencies also which provide information of people to employers for the purpose of recruitment (APESMA, n.d.). In number of cases agencies, organizations providing staffing services, outsourcing contractors and other leasing firms will be treated as employers. However, these organizations recruit people for the other organizations then third-party professional conduct principles shall apply on these organizations. Vicarious liability: such organizations which provide such facility are the ultimate employer of the employee. Therefore, organizations are liable for the acts of their employees. Notting Hill Business Pty Ltd recruit experienced people for working in their office and also work in any other office at shorter notice. Employees who work in Notting Hill Business Pty Ltd can do anything in the office such as general and pay roll duties, working on reception and administration work. For providing these services Notting Hill Business Pty Ltd charges as per hour rate from the organizations that avail these services. When they go in other organization then they have to follow the instructions of those organizations in which they are recruiting. Every worker who goes out to other businesses has to dress professionally, be respectful and act properly. Any problems or issues have to be reported back to Notting Hill Business Pty Ltd. Tom who is working with Notting Hill Business Pty Ltd goes in another business organization. Tom is an expert in calculating an employees pay. He goes for a period of two days and he is told that he has to work under the direction of the company Accountant. Later Tom over pay to some employees and employees withdraw their money after it has been paid into the bank. One of the employees who have been overpaid disappears. In the present case, Notting Hill Business Pty Ltd is the actual employer off the Tom and they are liable for the act of Ton because any organizations which provide such facility are the ultimate employer of the employee. Therefore, organizations are liable for the acts of their employees. It was also held that agencies, organizations providing staffing services, outsourcing contractors and other leasing firms will be treated as employers. However, these organizations recruit people for the other organizations then third-party professional conduct principles shall apply on these organizations. Notting Hill Business Pty Ltd is vicarious liability for the act of Tom because they are ultimate employer of the Tom but In this Tom has to follow the instructions of the company in which he get appointment which means that Notting Hill Business Pty Ltd is not liable for the acts of Tom. Notting Hill Business Pty Ltd is the ultimate employer of the Tom but he is not liable for the act of Tom. References: Goldsberry, C. R. Differences between Employees and Independent Contractor. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from: https://www.mdc.edu/hr/Operations/AFS/DifferencesBWIndepContAndEmployees.pdf. Athanasiou, A. (2011). Contractor or Employee? - The High Court Decision in Hollis v Vabu. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from:https://www.tved.net.au/index.cfm?SimpleDisplay=PaperDisplay.cfmPaperDisplay=https://www.tved.net.au/PublicPapers/October_2001,_Accountants_Education_Channel___Tax,_Contractor_or_Employee____The_High_Court_Decision_in_Hollis_v_Vabu.html. Apesma. Contracting through an agency. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from: https://www.professionalsaustralia.org.au/contractors-consultants/wp-content/uploads/sites/42/2015/01/Guide-to-Contracting-through-an-Agency-v2.pdf. Legal vision, (2014). What is a casual employee. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from:https://legalvision.com.au/casual-employee/. Fair Work Ombudsman. Casual, part-time full-time. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from:https://www.fairwork.gov.au/employee-entitlements/types-of-employees/casual-part-time-and-full-time. Business Dictionary. duties of employees. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from: https://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/duties-of-employees.html. OHS. Duties of Employers. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from: https://www.ohsrep.org.au/law-rights/ohs-legislation/the-ohs-act/duties-of-employers. Nidirect. industrial action. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from: https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/industrial-action. Fair Work Ombudsman. The role of unions. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/employee-entitlements/industrial-action-and-union-membership/the-role-of-unions. USF. Third Party Employers Policy. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from: https://www.usf.edu/career-services/employers/third-party-employers-policy.aspx. Fair Work Act 2009 - Sec 106 Queensland Parliament. Queensland Parliamentary Library. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from: https://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/documents/explore/ResearchPublications/ResearchBriefs/2001/2001032.pdf. Fair Work Ombudsman. Casual employees. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/employee-entitlements/types-of-employees/casual-part-time-and-full-time/casual-employees. Williams v MacMahon Mining Services Pty Ltd [2010] FCA 1321. Find Law. Casual Employees and Unfair Dismissal Laws. Retrieved on 2th December 2016 from: https://www.findlaw.com.au/articles/4317/casual-employees-and-unfair-dismissal-laws.aspx.